Task 1 流程图
C6 Test3
The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.
7
The charts shed light on the growth process of silkworms as well as the production procedures of silk cloth.
Overall, it can be seen that the whole life cycle of silkworms consists of 4 stages and silkworms grow from eggs to moths. It is also noticeable that there are 6 main steps in the production of silk cloth, from the initial selecting to the eventual dying stage.
In terms of the life cycle of silkworms, eggs are firstly laid by mature moths and after 10 days, the eggs turn into silkworm larvae that feed on mulberry leaves. The subsequent step lasts for 4 to 6 weeks until larvae hide themselves in cocoons by spiting a huge amount of silk thread around them. After a period of 16 days, larvae finally emerge from cocoons and enter the mature stage.
When it comes to the production of silk clothing, the first step begins with selecting proper cocoons and boiling them with water. After that, around 300 to 900 meters of silk thread are unwound from cocoons which would be twisted and weaved in the following 2 stages to cloth and eventually, the weaved cloth is dyed with a variety of colors.
C8 Test3
The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
6.5
The given diagrams illustrate the process and equipment of making cement, and how cement is turned into concrete that will be used for construction purposes.
Overall, cement is made by limestone and clay. They go through a series of process to form cement. Concrete, on the other hand, consists of four ingredients that go into a mixer to form concrete.
First, limestone and clay are crushed into powder which then goes into a mixer. The powder is then put into a rotating heater to be heated. The heated product then goes to a grinder and become the cement that we know of. The cement is finally bagged and goes on to be the ingredient of concrete.
Concrete is formed by a mixture that is 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones. This mixture goes into the concrete mixer and after being thoroughly mixed becomes the concrete that will be used for construction.
C10 Test4
The diagrams below show the life cycle of a species of large fish called the salmon.
6.5
The diagram sheds light on the growth process of salmon, a large marine fish.
Overall, it can be seen that the whole life cycle consists of three stages, which last for approximately 10 years. It is also noticeable that the growing environment of salmon changes during the process.
The salmon begins its life in the upper part of river, where the water flow is slow. Initially, salmon eggs are situated among reeds and small stones and hidden from their predators. Round 5 to 6 months later, fries with a length from 3 to 8 centimeters incubate from salmon eggs and swim to the lower part of the river, living in the fast current from around 4 years.
4 years later, those fries develop larger to the adolescent salmons, known as smolts, which are 12 to 15 centimeters long and live in the open sea for 5 years. Henceforth, smolts enter the mature stage and become adult salmon (from 70 to 76 centimeters long). Finally, they return to the upper river, laying eggs and thus continue their life cycle.
C12 Test4
The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.
6.5
The figure illustrates how electricity is being produced by geothermal energy. Overall, the process can be divided into five main stages: pumping down cold water, heating the water, pumping up the water to the ground surface, converting it into steam, utilizing the steam to power the turbine for electrical generation.
To begin with, cold water is pumped down for 4.5 kilometers before it reaches the end of the injection well. It then enters the geothermal zone where the water will be heated by the hot rocks. The hot water will then be transferred to the production well and be pumped up to the condenser that is above the ground surface. The hot water will be converted into steam in the condenser and be passed to the turbine that is powered by steam. The energy created by the turbine will be transferred to the generator and used for producing electricity.
C14 Test3
The diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station.
The diagram illustrates the process of generating electricity through the hydroelectric power station.
Overall, electricity are ready to be generated in the daytime and prepared for the next generation at night.
In day time, electricity is generated through the pressure created by the height differces. The water in the river first being gathered in high-level reservoir and passes through the narrow intake below the dam. The flow of water then goes through a pipe and reaches the power station. The electicity will be generated when the flow of water passes through the reversible turbines which operate as generator in day time. The generated electricity will be transfer from power lines to national grid. Meanwhile, the extra water will be collected in low-level reservoir.
During night time, water from low-level reservoir will be pumped into high-level reservior for next generation. Water in low-level reservior first passes through the a pipe and reaches the reversible turbines that work as a pumper to pump water into high-level reservoir at night. During pumping, the water will flow upward to the high-level reservior. The closed intake during night time prevents water in the high-level reservior from flowing downwards.
C15 Test3
The diagram below shows how instant noodles are manufactured.
6.5
The diagram illustrates the manufacturing process for instant noodles. In general, the process can be divided into four main stages, starting with the storage of the raw material, assembling instant noodles, cooking and packaging.
Instant noodles start in storage silos where the flour is stored. It is then transported alongside with water and oil into a mixer. When the materials are fully mixed, the dough will then pass the rollers and be compressed into dough sheets. Later, these sheets are cut into strips and formed into noodles discs that are ready for cooking. The discs will then be fried, left to dry and be assembled into separate cups with vegetables and spices. After that, the cups will pass through a factory machinery for labelling and sealing. After going through the stage of packaging, the instant noodles are prepared for future consumption.
C16 Test2
The diagram below shows the manufacturing process for making sugar from sugar cane.
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The diagram sheds light on how sugar is manufactured from sugar canes.
Overall, it can be seen that the whole process consists of 7 steps, from the initial growing stage to the eventual drying and cooling stage.
The first step begins with growing sugar canes, which lasts for 12 to 18 months and is the longest stage in the whole process. Subsequently, the mature sugar canes are harvested in two means, either by hand or with the help of specialized vehicles and after that, these sugar canes are crushed into juice by certain professional machine.
The fourth step involves the purification of the juice utilizing limestone filters. Afterwards the purified juice is evaporated thanks to the heat under the machine and converts into syrup. In the next stage, sugar crystals are separated from syrup, after which these crystals are dried and cooled and eventually, sugar is produced from sugar canes.
C16 Test4
The diagram below shows the process for recycling plastic bottles.
7
The diagram given shows the process of recycling plastic bottles.
Overall, plastic bottles are collected in the bin for recycle and moved to the recycling site to undergo a series of processing that turn them from discarded plastic to reusable plastic, which allow them to become the raw material for product-making.
First, plastic bottles are collected in the bin and put on a truck to be delivered to the recycling centre where they will be sorted. The ones that are wanted will be selected and the ones that are not will not go to the next stage to be recycled. The pile of wanted bottles are then compressed into blocks which are subsequently crushed into pieces. After which, the crushed pieces will be washed. Upon being washed, the plastic pieces are made into plastic pellets and go on to undergo a heating process to form raw material. This raw material is used to produce products like bags, pencils, bottles, and boxes et cetera. These products made from recycled plastic may be discarded in the future and go through the same recycling process.
